Dermatoglyphics is a term coined by Dr.. Cummins and Dr.. Mildo in 1926 to refer to the configurations formed by skin ridges on the fingers,, palms and ventral surfaces of the tails of nonhuman primates.. The subject area of dermatoglyphics includes the study of skin creases,, particularly on the palms.. 

Currently,, human prints can be categorized as one of the three main types,, whorls-shaped,, arch-shaped and loop-shaped..  It is subdivided into eleven basic types,, from which many types of analysis have been derived,, some focus on the analysis of left brain and right brain some believe that the print on each finger reflects different abilities.. (Thumb ︰ action and execution; index ︰ logic and creativity; middle finger: limb motor ability and art appreciation; ring ︰ power of voice recognition; little finger ︰ text image discerning) As for the foot pattern,, it can determine whether one has congenital diseases.. It is as equally important as fingerprints..

Up to 70% of our DNA is devoted to determining the design of our brain.. Although the final brain is the result of competing genetic and epigenetic or environmental factors,, the gross information regarding our brain is largely (if not completely) determined by these genes.. The younger you are,, the more closely your brain will conform to its pre-determined genetic plan..

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The term "NEURON" was coined by the German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer.. The neuron's place as the primary functional unit of the nervous system was first recognized in the early 20th century through the work of the Spanish anatomist Santiago Ramón Cajal.. Ramón Cajal proposed that neurons were discrete cells that communicated with each other via specialized junctions,, or spaces,, between cells.. This became known as the neuron doctrine,, one of the central tenets of modern neuroscience.. To observe the structure of individual neurons,, Ramón Cajal improved a silver staining process known as Golgi’s method,, which had been developed by his rival,, Camillo Golgi.. Cajal's improvement,, which involved a technique he called "double impregnation",, is still in use.. The silver impregnation stains are an extremely useful method for neuro anatomical investigations because,, for reasons unknown,, it stains a very small percentage of cells in a tissue,, so one is able to see the complete micro structure of individual neurons without much overlap from other cells in the densely packed brain..

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A Neuron affects other Neurons by releasing a neurotransmitter that bins to chemical receptors.. The effect upon the postsynaptic neuron is determined not by the pre synaptic neuron or by the neurotransmitter,, but by the type of receptor that is activated.. A neurotransmitter can be thought of as a key,, and a receptor as a lock: the same type of key can here be used to open many different types of locks..

The two most common neurotransmitters in the brain are,, glutamate and GABA,, have actions that are largely consistent.. Glutamate acts on several different types of receptors.. Similarly GABA acts on several different types of receptors.. Because of this consistency,, it is common for neuroscientists to simplify the terminology by referring to cells that release glutamate as "excitatory neurons",, and cells that release GABA as "inhibitory neurons".. Since over 90% of the neurons in the brain release either glutamate or GABA,, these labels encompass the great majority of neurons.. There are also other types of neurons that have consistent effects on their targets..

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Our BRAIN has a huge number of synapses.. Each of the 10¹¹ (one hundred billion) neurons has an average 7,,000 synaptic connections to other neurons.. It has been estimated that the brain of a three-year-old child has about 10¹⁵ synapses (1 quadrillion).. This number declines with age,, stabilizing by adulthood.. Estimates vary for an adult,, ranging from 10¹⁴ to 5 x 10¹⁴ synapses (100 to 500 trillion)..

Neurons communicate with one another via synapses.. Neurons such as Purkinje cells in the cerebellum can have over 1000 dendritic branches,, making connections with tens of thousands of other cells.. Other neurons,, such as the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nucleus,, have only one or two dendrites,, each of which receives thousands of synapses..

Synapses can be excitatory or inhibitory and either increase or decrease activity in the target neuron.. Some neurons also communicate via electrical synapses,, which are direct,, electrically conductive junctions between cells..

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Neurons are highly specialized for processing and transmission of cellular signals..Given their diversity of functions performed in different parts of the nervous system,, there is,, as expected,, a wide variety in their shape,, size,, and electrochemical properties.. For instance,, the soma of a neuron can vary from 4 to 100 micrometers in diameter..

·         The soma is the body of the neuron.. As it contains the nucleus,, most protein synthesis occurs here.. The nucleus can range from 3 to 18 micrometers in diameter..

·         The dendrites of a neuron are cellular extensions with many branches.. This overall shape and structure is referred to metaphorically as a dendritic tree.. This is where the majority of input to the neuron occurs via the dendritic spine..

·         The axon is a finer,, cable-like projection that can extend tens,, hundreds,, or even tens of thousands of times the diameter of the soma in length.. The axon carries nerve signals away from the soma (and also carries some types of information back to it).. Many neurons have only one axon,, but this axon may—and usually will—undergo extensive branching,, enabling communication with many target cells.. The part of the axon where it emerges from the soma is called the axon hillock.. Besides being an anatomical structure,, the axon hillock is also the part of the neuron that has the greatest density of voltage dependent sodium channels.. This makes it the most easily excited part of the neuron and the spike initiation zone for the axon: in electrophysiological terms it has the most negative action potential threshold.. While the axon and axon hillock are generally involved in information outflow,, this region can also receive input from other neurons..

·         The axon terminal contains synapses,, specialized structures where neurotransmitter chemicals are released to communicate with target neurons..

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